Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert all wrote dance music for balls in Vienna. However, from the dance perspective, Beethoven’s dance movements has not attracted much attention from scholars. I only focused on eight minuet movements of Beethoven piano sonatas in my MA dissertation, therefore the current proposed PhD research will expand the scope to include a wider range of 3/4 movements in Beethoven to explore that how Beethoven use dance topics and how these were combined with other styles or musical topics in unexpected ways.

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